Gardening for Beginners: Combining Plants | BBC Gardeners World Magazine

A complementary selection of white, blue and purple flowers in a border

Combining different flower types

Different flower shapes can be grown together to bring depth to a planting scheme, while sticking to two or three bold colours ties the scheme together. In this blue and yellow scheme, yellow kniphofias take centre stage, with Russian sage and pale yellow coreopsis in the foreground, and purple toadflax dotted throughout. The variety of flower heights and shapes create depth and interest, while the different shades of yellow and blue create a unified feel.

Kniphofia and daisies — A bold planting scheme of yellow and blue flowers, featuring kniphofias, Russian sage, coreopsis and toadflax

Using shades of the same colour

Different shades of the same colour can be used to dramatic effect. Here, bright orange geum 'Tangerine Dream' grows alongside the apricot-pink blooms of Verbascum 'Firedance'. Ornamental grasses act as a foil for both colours, while the pink astrantia 'Star of Beauty' offers a contrasting colour, which underlines the unity of the others.

Verbascum and geum — Bright orange geums blended with apricot verbascums and grasses

Using foliage to bring out flower colour

Plants with dark foliage can be used to bring out similarly coloured flowers, while ornamental grasses can soften a planting scheme. Here, the foliage of Hylotelephium 'Jose Aubergine' and Pennisetum advena 'Rubrum' bring out the pink of round-headed garlic, Allium sphaerocephalon, while the pennisetum flowerheads soften the scheme.

Fountain grass and round-headed garlic — Purple hylotelephium and pennisetum foliage complementing small purple-pink alliums

Planting flowers of one colour

Using one colour can be very effective, especially when using different flower shapes and heights. Here, white veronicastrum and Ammi majus bring a cool elegance and beauty to the border, while perfectly bringing out the fresh green of the foliage.

Ammi majus and Veronicastrum — Delicate white spires of veronicastrum flowers extending above white clusters of Ammi majus flowers

Creating different planting styles

Sometimes plants can be used together to create a certain look or fit a certain style. Here, agapanthus and Stipa tenuissima work in an informal, prarie-style scheme, perfect for a hot, dry border.

Agapanthus africanus and Stipa tenuissima — Giant blue Agapanthus africanus with Stipa tenuissima

Using colour to create depth

Close shades of the same or different plants can work well. This combination of dark and light purple alliums brings greater depth and variety than would be achieved with just one variety. This technique can help to make small gardens appear bigger.

Alliums growing together — Dark and light purple alliums blooming

Mixing styles

Mixing formal and informal planting can create a stylish, contemporary feel. Here, a formally clipped box square sets off the wafting catmint spires and rigid stems of the brightly coloured cirsium. Bronze-leaf fennel and Stipa tenuissima unify the scheme, while the euphorbia in the background sets off the different shades of blue and pink.

Fennel box and thistle — A modern planting of contrasting textures, featuring: clipped box, bright-purple thistles, lime euphorbia, feathery bronze fennel and catmint